Hacking Crimes Solutions For It - 1281 Words

Kamalpreet Kaur Gill Mr. Ward Anders Transition to College 14 August 2015 Hacking Crimes : Solutions for it A hacking crime is defined as any criminal act when person hacks or breaks into computer system or computer network in order to illegally obtain sensitive information or disseminate destructive computer software. In order to effectively combat computer crime and discourage hacking activity, lawmakers and computer professionals must understand the motivation behind this activity. The hacking community is a diverse and complicated universe. If the best offense is a good defence, then the best way to predict potential hacking attempts is to understand the mentality of hackers. One way of†¦show more content†¦McAfee defines major categoriesof hackers - Black hats, White hats and Grey hats. A white hats usually works within the laws of hacker ethic (to do no harm) or as a security experts. They are interested in improving security of computer system, operating systems, softwares and networks. They have a long tradition of trying to improve the computing community and its resources. A Black hats forces software vendors and systems administrators to fix security problems by publishing known vulnerabilities. They are associated with anger and hate, whether against a specific company or country and are often associated with web defacements. They have no qualms about stealing or destroying data on the networks that they penetrate.A Grey hats lies between the white hats and black hats. They may surf internet and hack into a computer system for notifying the administrator that their system has a security defect and then they offer to correct the defect for fee. There are some examples of hackers like Andrew Auernheimer who sentenced to 3 years in prison is a grey hat hacker whose security group exposed a flaw in ATT’s iPad security. Moreover, Dan Kaminsky is an expert who exposed multiple flaws in the protocol and investigated sony’s rootkit security issues in 2005.Another example of hackers is Morris, son of former National Security Agency scientist Robert Morris. He is known as the creator of the Morris

Oil Spill Case Study - 1519 Words

Table of Contents Case 1: Oil Spill 3 Questions: 4 Analysis: 4 Case Background: 4 Case Summary: 4 Ethical Overview: 5 Courses of Action: 5 Sources of Conflict: 5 Ethical Decisions and Standards for the Conflict: 5 Outcomes: 7 Decision: 7 Case 1: Oil Spill Peter has been working with the Bigness Oil Company’s local affiliate for several years, and he has established a strong, trusting relationship with Jesse, manager of the local facility. The facility, on Peter’s recommendations, has followed all of the environmental regulations to the letter, and it has a solid reputation with the state regulatory agency. The local facility receives various petrochemical products via pipelines and†¦show more content†¦The wells were capped, and the story never appeared in the press. Peter is taken aback by this apparently innocent revelation. He recognizes that state law requires him to report all spills, but what about spills that occurred years ago, where the effects of the spill seem to have dissipated? He frowns and says to Jesse, ‘‘We have to report this spill to the state, you know.’’ Jesse is incredulous. ‘‘But there is no spill. If the state made us look for it, we probably could not find it; and even if we did, it makes no sense whatever to pump it out or contain it in any way.’’ ‘‘But the law says that we have to report . . . ,’’ replies Peter. ‘Hey, look. I told you this in confidence. Your own engineering code of ethics requires client confidentiality. And what would be the good of going to the state? There is nothing to be done. The only thing that would happen is that the company would get into trouble and have to spend useless dollars to correct a situation that cannot be corrected and does not need remediation.’’ ‘‘But. . . . ’’ ‘‘Peter, let me be frank. If you go to the state with this, you will not be doing anyone any good not the company, not the environment, and certainly not your own career. I cannot have a consulting engineer who does not value client loyalty.’’ Questions: 1. What are the ethical issues in this case? 2. What factual and conceptual questions need to be addressed? 3. How do you thinkShow MoreRelatedBp Oil Spill Case Study1237 Words   |  5 PagesBP Oil Spill Case Study Brooke Campbell Lander University ere several factors that contributed to the accident: †¢ Valve Failure: The pipe was sealed in two different ways. The pipe was filled with cement and it also had two different valves to stop the flow of gas and oil. 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The position of the gulf between temperate and tropical waters provides one of the reasons for its vast biodiversity (Campagna et alRead MoreExxon Valdez and the Recovery of Prince William Sound Essay1477 Words   |  6 PagesRecovery of Prince William Sound Approximately eleven years ago, an area of Alaskas southern coast known as Prince William Sound was a disaster area. A nauseating scent of rotting carcasses and oil filtered through the air. Sea birds screamed in anguish as they fought to survive with oil drenched feathers. Under the surface billions of organisms ceased to live due to the toxicity of the inescapable wrath of the blackened water. Prince William Sound had once been a place of beauty and graceRead MoreCause And Effect Of The Spill1315 Words   |  6 Pages 1989 an oil tanker destined for Long Beach, California was stopped short of its destination when it struck the Prince William Sound’s Bligh Reef (PWS). In charge of the ship was Captain Joseph Jeffrey Hazelwood. 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Respondent and Kralc Wholesale Pty Ltd

Question: Discuss about the Respondent and Kralc Wholesale Pty Ltd. Answer: The parties involved in this case were Andrew Baker, who was the appellant in this case. On the other hand, Karen Gilbert was the first respondent and Kralc Wholesale Pty Ltd was the second respondent. In the same way, the third respondent in this case was Nylex Industrial Product Pty Ltd. The issue that had to be decided in this case can be briefly describe that Karen Gilbert had suffered serious injuries when she was present on Andrew Baker's premises. In this regard, Garling DCJ (District Court's Judicial Officer) arrived at the conclusion that negligence has been shown by the appellant while inspecting and maintaining the ladder. On the other hand, an appeal was presented by Andrew Baker on the ground that it has been wrongfully held that there was a breach of duty on his part towards Karen Gilbert. The remedy that was sought in this case was of damages. The brief facts of this case are that Mrs. Gilbert suffered serious injuries when she had landed awkwardly after she jumped off an unstable footplate that was attached to a ladder in the pool on the premises of the appellant. She had to jump in order to avoid falling off. The latter had become unstable because the bolts in the foot plate had become loose and as a result, the ladder was not secured against the pool. Therefore in this case it was claimed by the appellant, Baker that he had not visited or used the pool as it was some distance away from his residence and moreover, he was not aware of these defects. Under the circumstances, the issue that had to be decided by the court was if a householder, who is not aware of the presence of any defect to his property (in this case, the ladder at the swimming pool) that might result in causing danger to lawful visitors but is aware of the circumstances that may have alerted any other reasonable person under the circumstances regarding the danger from such a defect, may have ignored the presence of the defect. Therefore, it was stated by the court that the basic test for liability that had to be used in order to deal with the issue is to see if any other reasonable person would have done while responding to the foreseeable risk caused under the circumstances. Therefore if any other reasonable person would have undertaken an inspection, if such person was in the position of the householder, and in case of the failure to do so, it can be said that there was negligence on the part of the defendant. The relevant rule of law that had to be applied in this case was the rule of the common law which governs the duty on the part of an occupier towards various classes of persons, who may enter the property of the occupier, is present in the form of the law of negligence. In this case, the NSW Court of Appeal arrived at the conclusion that the appellant was negligent and therefore liable and had a duty of care towards the other party. At the same time, the NSW Court of Appeal also discarded these artificial distinctions and assimilated the liability of the occupiers in the tort of negligence. In this case, it was held by Garling DCJ that the footplate was very unstable. He also mentioned that the ladder and the footplate should have been inspected by Mr. Baker. As a result, he stated that the duty of care has been breached by Mr. Baker. In support of this finding, the court mentioned several similar cases that were related with the basic test for liability, including Hackshaw v Shaw (1984) and Australian Safeway Stores Pty Ltd v Zaluzna (1986). The court also pointed out towards the fact that any other reasonable person in a similar position would have inspected the ladder and the footplate carefully. Under these circumstances, the court arrived at the conclusion that the judge had not upheld the ground of appeal made by the appellant. Hence, Mr. Baker was held liable for the breach of duty of care towards Ms. Gilbert. The NSW Court of Appeal stated that under the circumstances, Mr. Baker was liable. The reason given in support of this decision was that any reasonable occupier would have inspected and maintain the ladder as it was a potentially dangerous structure. In this case, Ms. Gilbert was swimming in the pool of Mr. Baker with his permission. After she had swam for some time, she decided to get out of the pool. For doing this, first of all she climbed up the ladder which went from the pool to the footplate at the top of the coaming. She had done so with her face towards the wall of the pool. When she had reached the foot plate, she decided to turn around so she can get down by again facing the wall of the pool. Ms Gilbert weighed around 122 kgs. Therefore it was not very easy for her to turn on the foot plate as it was a very small area. But she took several small steps and tried to maneuver herself around. But she claimed that the play became "wobbly". Ms. Gilbert started to fall out words and therefore she jumped. Although she landed on her feet but she suffered serious injuries. Under these circumstances, it was alleged by Ms. Gilbert claimed on different grounds that in this case, Mr. Baker had been negligent. Mainly in this regard, s he asserted that Mr. Baker had failed to inspect and maintain the ladder in a proper way. The claim of Ms. Gilbert was upheld by Garling DCJ and damages were awarded to her. However, an appeal was referred by Mr. Baker on the ground that it had been wrongly held by Garling DCJ that there was a breach of duty of care on part of Mr. Baker that he owed towards Ms. Gilbert. Although there were a number of grounds of appeal but mainly these grounds fall into two categories. The first is that an error has been committed by Garling DCJ when he arrived at the conclusion that the foot plate was unstable to a significant level and the instability was the result of inadequate tightening of the bolts. Another ground of appeal was that an error was committed by Garling DCJ in arriving at the conclusion that in discharging his duties of care, it was required that the ladder and the foot plate should have been inspected and maintained by Mr. Baker. Mr. Ferrier who was the solicitor of Ms. Gilbert had inspected the ladder and the foot plate. It is oral evidence, Mr. Ferrier had claimed that the footplate was unstable and when he stood on it, it rocked. On the other hand, the senior counsel for Mr. Baker, Mr. Donaldson argued that when Ms. Gilbert went into the pool, she did not experience any instability on the foot plate. As a result, he claimed that there were reasons to doubt Ms. Gilbert's testimony regarding the footplate being unstable when she was coming out of the pool. However, the court noted the fact that the instability of the footplate increased, depending on the place where the person stood on the footplate. Therefore the greater the distance from the center, the more unstable it was. Therefore the court stated that it was possible that while entering into the pool, Ms. Gilbert's position was different from the position in which she was when she left the pool. Moreover, the court also noted the fact that the appella nt had not explored this issue during the cross-examination of Ms. Gilbert. She was not asked if she can explain why there was no instability when Ms. Gilbert was entering the pool. Under these circumstances, the court stated that not much weight can be attached to this argument of the appellant. Another argument made by Mr. Donaldson was that the evidence did not support the finding that the nuts of the foot plate were not tightened up to the coaming. On the other hand, in his testimony, Mr. Ferrier had claimed that the footplate was attached by using two light bolts that appeared to be loose. Moreover, during his cross-examination, he said that he wanted to correct himself and claimed that the bolts were loose. For this purpose, he explained that the boards were in a position where he fed them with his fingers but there was more length of bolt then there were things to hold the bolts in position. In this way, it claimed that the bolts were longer than they should have been. Mr. Ferrier also claimed that the bolt was okay but it was just not tightened up and as a result, the footplate rocked. he also took photographs of it. During the cross-examination of Mr. Ferrier, it was asked if the conclusion that the bolt was loose had been drawn from the fact that the footplate was u nstable and in his reply, he said that it could have been seen by anyone. Another argument forwarded by Mr. Donaldson on behalf of Mr. Baker was that Garling DCJ had failed to take into account the evidence regarding the presence of a washer between the nut and the coaming. Therefore, it was argued on behalf of Mr. Baker that the testimony of Mr. Ferrier according to which, there was more length of bolt than required, needs to be discounted due to the reason that he had felt the washer and not the board itself. However, it was expressly stated by Mr. Ferrier that he had felt the bolt with his fingers. Moreover the court also noted the fact that during the cross-examination, it was not put to Mr. Ferrier that he had not felt the bolt but be washer. As a result, the court was of the opinion that this submission needs to be rejected. The second ground of appeal according to which, Garling DCJ had erred in arriving at the conclusion that a discharge of his duty of care as the one of the premises, it was required that Mr. Baker should have inspected or maintained the ladder as well as the footplate. Under the circumstances, Mr. Donaldson argued on behalf of Mr. Baker that the lower court had failed to apply the decision given in Short v Barrett (1990). In this case, the plaintiff had visited the house of his friend and he fell of from a timber deck balcony and suffered injuries as a plank on the side of the balcony gave way. Therefore it was held in this case that there was nothing to suggest any defect in the balcony to the defendant occupier. However, while dealing with this argument, the Court of Appeal stated that the observations that were made in Short v Barrett were only guidelines that can be applied by deciding the issue what would have been done by a reasonable person under particular circumstances, in response to the foreseeable risk. The court stated that for this purpose the basic test of liability that has been provided in Hackshaw v Shaw needs to be applied. By reciting the appeal, the court also pointed out towards the fact that in Short v Barrett, before arriving at the conclusion that there was no negligence by the occupier, the court had meticulously demonstrated that the balcony from which the plaintiff had fallen off, did not show any obvious signs of weathering or cracking. In this way, there was nothing to suggest that the use of balcony can be unsafe. In this way, it can be said that in this case, the defendant had not received any warning that the use of balcony may be unsafe. Such a warning need no t be express. It can also be implied under the circumstances, for instance, by the patent signs of danger. In this way, all the arguments made by the applicant were rejected by the Court of Appeal. References: Baker v Gilbert 2 Ors [2003] NSWCA 113

Strategic Analysis Report

Question: Create a critical strategic analysis report for Audi which for the content of the report please check both of module handbook and the protocol file for detail as both of them contain the word limited, the layout of the report, what does it involved, the guideline and the marking criteria of the report. also please just plenty of academic referencing and different analysis tools such as: PESTEL, Porter Five Forces, SWOT analysis etc to analysis and make the link between macro and micro environment for Audi and at last reach a conclusion as to why Audi gas been successful with their strategic. Answer: Introduction Audi is the automobile brand working under the Volkswagon group. Volkswagon is a giant division that manages other strong brands Lamborghini, Bugatti, Ducati, Bently, Suzuki, Skoda, Porsche, Scania and Volkswagon commercial (Shukri et al. 2015). As Volkswagon dealing with giant automobile companies and also operates in more than 153 countries thereby giving extended exposure to Audi giving it an opportunity to expand internationally. Audi has developed itself as the leading luxury automobile brand as a reason for its immense technological and precision engineering capabilities. The leading premium car brand is successful to target multiple segments of consumers while it seeks to provide customers with leading premium vehicle in the world. Audi in progressive line with the Volkswagon group seeks to produce exclusive models that anticipate the desire and vision of clients. Audi poses significant expertise in the field of comprehension energy efficient processes, light weight constructi on, and effective heat management technique within the vehicles. Audis capability and expertise in the field of technology which in turn leads to innovation initiated since the early years of its collaboration with the Volkswagen group. Audi developed its core competency with the development of four stroke engine. Macro and Micro environment The micro-environmental factors of AUDI are explained by the SWOT analysis of AUDI. SWOT Analysis Strength Technology and engineering- Audi is known for its engineering and precision behinds the cars. The design and look of the cars is derived from its high capacity engine and capability of precision engineering (Khatri et al. 2015).This exclusive design will not be achieved without the right technique and process of engineering. Brand Name- The brand name of Audi is a promise that carries its trust. Audi is famous as the best car in the world due to its design, technology and safety(Anisimova 2015). Moreover, the development of innovative, faster and sleek cars of the years has added to the brand name of Audi making it a super premium car manufacturer. Product range- Audi has exclusive range of car models ranging from premium, super premium and ultra premium. The Q series and A series of Audi are the most popular and in demand series (Baur et al. 2012). While on the other hand, Aldi also focuses to innovate cars like Audi Quattro, Audi sport, Audi ultra, etc. Weakness Unlike Audi, BMW diversified into cost differentiation strategy offering a larger product portfolio, thereby increasing the rate of turnover(Shukri 2015). Such an approach allowed BMW to take the front seat in the luxury car segments leaving AUDI to lag behind. The promotional approaches by Audi are less as compared to BMW and Mercedes that promotes its products much vigorously. Opportunities Target the emerging market- Audi representing the luxury car brand has its presence in limited market. The company can introduce its products in the emerging markets thereby covering extended geographical territory. Audi will facilitate an extra edge than its competitors due to its innovative and diversification capabilities. Audi innovation is mainly in the form of battery fueled premium cars and s energy efficient features. Innovation acts as the driving force for differentiation strategy by Audi which will help its long term sustenance (Conradie and van Niekerk 2015). Threats Audi may experience saturation in long run due to the limited market of luxury car brands with the share of pie is going to other premium brands as well. Young generations are more focused to spend on gadgets and also realize the value of savings on luxury brand cars (Drake and Rhodes 2015). Likewise any other industry, competition in the luxury car segment is high. The strongest competitor of Audi is BMW playing smartly to grab the whole of it. PESTEL Analysis of AUDI PESTEL Analysis Political Audi being a German automobile manufacturer highly encouraged by the German government. The political scenario is supportive to the thrive of luxury car brands and also promotes a phased, integrated and conducive growth of the automotive industry (Duane and Domegan 2013). Economical The German automobile company has increased its sales value from 811522 units to 1933517 units between the periods of 2005 to 2014(Endres, Roocks and Kieling 2014). This has increased the revenue of luxury car revenue at an extended range from 26.6 billion to 53.8 billions in the similar period. Social Audi being the best employer to work for in the automobile industry , has made consistent effort to improve its workshop conditions in order to satisfy its workers. Considering the social factors, Audi has designed its new cars in order to meet the demand of consumers through its social behavior. For instance, designing of cars with smaller engine and higher fuel consumption (Jahn and Kunz 2012). Technological Audi is reputed for its exclusive skills and expertise of engineering and technology that has significant impact on its brand image. The company exploit its technical expertise top develop efficient features of cars such as fuel stratified injection, QUATTRO 4 wheel drive system, aluminum space frame technology. Environmental The increasing concern on the environmental issue of global warming, the government has imposed lot of emission regulations (Kagali 2014). Most importantly, Audi has been significantly focused on processes to reduce the CO2 emission at the same time optimizing the performance of its cars. For instance, the new Audi TDI diesel engine has been meeting the standard of future European 5 emission standard. Legislative German government has enforced a set of legislation in order to protect the road users of cars such as Crush standard, European standard, etc (Turpault, Tannen and Welsh 2013). Such legislations have pushed Audi to produce stronger and safer cars. Porters five forces model Porters five forces Analysis Threat of new entrants The luxury car brand industry is ruled by giant players like Audi, BMW and Mercedes (Khatri et al. 2015). The threat of new entrants is relatively low as the entry barrier is significantly high and require a very high expenses of initial set up, RD expenditure and potential strategic move to establish in the ground of strong competition. Bargaining power of customers Audi being the biggest client to the suppliers due to its size and brand loyalty, the bargain power of suppliers is not high rather considered to be the moderate(Anisimova 2015). Bargaining power of consumers The bargain power of consumers is relatively high, as a result of the high level of competition in the industry (Kirk, Ray and Wilson, 2013). Consumers get a number of branded options to deal with like BMW, Mercedes Benz, and Lamborghini. Moreover, the cost differentiation strategy by BMW is engulfing a major proportion of consumers giving the opportunity of consumer bargain (Jahn and Kunz 2012). Product substitute Although it is quite hard to replace automobiles in short term as how it is commonly used in global scale. However, recent statistics makes it evident that increasing number of consumers are shifting to travel through trains, buses and reasonably cheap private cars, instead of choosing luxury brand cars (Drake and Rhodes 2015). Such an attitude of consumers can develop as a potential threat in long run. Competitive rivalry The automotive industry is strongly positioned in the western economy. As a result, there is not much room to expand in the North American and European market (Rugraff 2012). However, the market of South East Asia is expanding at a high rate with the increase in its consumption ability. Nonetheless, Audi and its competitors such as Mercedes Benz and BMW will continue to hold on its share in the market. Strategic capabilities The strategic capabilities of Audi consider its efficiency, aptness of resources and expertise for long term sustainability and consistent growth. Engineering and Technological excellence Audi has significant expertise in the field of light weight construction, comprehension energy efficient processes, and effective heat management technique within the vehicles. Audi introduces innovative technological options in its luxury brand cars such as MP3 connectivity and RSS feed (Jahn and Kunz 2012). Audi restates its aspiration as the top premium brand with its prominent performance design, high level of innovation and hybrid engine options. Brand management The Audi brand represents Sporty and performance oriented automobiles that define ingenuity and high level of craftsmanship. The famous emblem and its slogan of Innovation through technology has allowed, Audi has enforced consistently effort to live up to the message and brand promise for the last 45 years has enabled the company to establish strong brand identity. The brand name of Audi proves to be a tangible asset whereas its reputation is intangible as whole. The key to Audi success in a competitive industry is due to its consistent performance and validity of their marketing policies and strategies (LI and LIU 2014). Nonetheless, the Audi automobile owners are significantly focused on their brand image that plays the major role is developing customer loyalty. Value- added workforce The statistics in Economic times highlight the fact that Audi asserts its position as the most desirable German Employer. The management of Audi Group emphasize that employees forms their key success factor. Audi believe that a motivated and dedicated workforce, young talents has the utmost contribution to a companys success. Miravete, Moral and Thurk (2015) opined that the number of apprentices in Germany are increasing by 10% by 2014 and reaching to 5266 apprentices by the end of 2015. The company has invested more than 280 million in professional training in order to offer its employees with required skills and expertise (Kagali 2015). Moreover, the competitiveness of Audi is ensured by the adoption of well-coordinated pool of employees within the organization. Culture Audi ranked in 3rd position in the global luxury car market share, with BMW and Mercedez Benz as its active competitors. Audi targets a significant market segment of luxury car purchasers specially in their 20s, 30 and 40s that makes upto 49% of the US customers base(Turpault and Tannen 2013). Audi, the third leading luxury car brand position itself flaunting its technological expertise (through the slogan such as Innovation through Technology ), strong engineering (through the slogan such as Truth in engineering), speed and added upon by bravery recently (Martn-Pea, Daz-Garrido and Snchez-Lpez 2014). As per the recent statistics in January 2014, Mercedes Benz was ranked the highest selling luxury car brand in US with BMW the second lead in the industry (Mikusz, Jud and Schfer 2015). With the focus to combat similar past results, Audi set its goal to become the leading premium car brand globally. Audis current approach proposed in the year 2010 and anticipated to run through 2020 is largely integrated on three tier strategy house considering Mission, Vision and goals. Mission- We delight Customers worldwide The above mission is further explained through its four attributes. They are: They define innovation They create experiences They live responsibility They shape Audi In respect to their recently placed marketing strategies, the goal of Audi to execute their organizational mission is focused to achieve consistent growth, financial strength, to become an attractive employer worldwide and mainly to become the global luxury auto leader. Vision: Audi The #1 premium brand Audis updated strategy anchored on the improvement and sustainability of its products, innovation and processes in order to facilitate its customers with a delightful experience (Miravete, Moral and Thurk 2015). Audi also emphasizes on its ecological, economic and social responsibilities as a whole. With the implementation of its new corporate strategy, Audi has expanded their objectives maintain its existing goals. The goals of Audi are considered in details below. Reach the top image position and gain customer mix To achieve long term sustainability of processes and its auto products To attain superior financial growth To become the leading innovator The culture of Audi left unsaid without defining its technological assets. From the very initial stage advanced technology has been the core of Audi DNA. Business or corporate strategies . This portion of the report will shed light on the corporate strategies of Audi considering the 4Ps. Product- The model of Audi car is successful to target multiple segments of consumers while it seeks to provide customers with leading premium vehicle in the world. Audi in progressive line with the Volkswagon group seeks to produce exclusive models that anticipate the desire and vision of clients. Audi proved its commitment towards customers thereby listened to them by executing the first crash test in the year 1938.- thus setting the standard of safety within the automobile industry. Post worlwar II, Auto Union AG introduced the new model of four stroke engine, and there is no looking back since then (Turpault, Tannen and Welsh 2013). The Audi model range include Audi A4, Audi A6, Audi A7, Audi A8, Audi Q5, Audi Q7, Sportback, Audi RS5, super sorts car such as Audi R8, Audi R8 spider. The exclusive range of products has been developed with the focus to meet the consumer demand of all customer segments. Price: The product offering of Audi significantly aims to reach all customers segment in the automobile industry by the implementation of comprehensive pricing strategies. Audi offers a range of products with a tired pricing scheme for each body style with the focus to capture varied levels of consumer spending. Its prices are dictated respective to the engine capacity, vehicle size, sports variant, fuel consumption, etc (LI and LIU 2014). In addition, Audi employs skim-pricing model by positioning its brand in a way to facilitate customers with unique value. With its skim pricing strategy, Audi takes advantage of the relatively high demand and within the market of luxury vehicle. Nonetheless, Audi was elected to raise its price on all of its car models at the beginning of 2013 by a rate of 1-5% ( Van der Lippe 2014). This was a positive consequence of Audis market penetration and image as a luxury car brand that has produced better recognition and sales than expected. This model of pricing by Audi has been set to attract the customers of competitors and consequently based on the comparable vehicles in the line of Mercedez Benz and BMW. Place: Audi place its primary outlets to directly interface with its customers. Audi reach its customers through 2800 strategically placed showrooms and dealers across the world. Audi delivered more than 20,000 vehicles to 7 countries in the first half of 2007 itself (Whitted 2012). On the other hand, in the second half of 2007, the company successfully delivered over 3000 vehicles across 20 countries (Wittmann and Reuter 2013). Audi enforce immense effort to enhance the purchase experience of customers practical. Over the years, Audi Company has added evening hours and weekend timings to let the buyers pick up their vehicles at their most convenient time. In addition, the company also offers valet services in order to deliver vehicles at the closest franchisee for the customers. Moreover, the availability of dealership location allows convenient access to car repairs and services. Promotion: Audi has widely extended its reach by successful promotion of its luxury cars through advertising, effective communication channel and affluent promotional strategies. The company estimates itself as the prestigious or luxury brand by communicating its engineering excellence to customers. The brand enforces consistent promotions through its slogan of Truth in Engineering or Vorsprung durch Technik (Wittmann and Reuter 2013). Nonetheless, Audi has surpassed the traditional advertising by means of its emblem promotion, signage, dealership education, etc. Such an approach of promotion has successfully established awareness in the signature events such Olympics and Super Bowl. Such an approach was implemented by Audi with the ultimate goal to enhance its brand awareness while distinguishing itself from simple luxury to progressive luxury brand. Needleless to say, the advancement of social media and digital networking has been successful to change the viewpoint of customers about the brand dramatically. Active participation of Audi in Twitter, Facebook, Website media and Blogsite has fostered the ideal that the company is appealing and accessible to all markets (Mikusz, Jud and Schfer 2015). Further, such means effectively communicate the means through which the brand relates to its customers and how effectively the ownership of luxury vehicle is attainable. Audi, the famous car brand features an iPad magazine that offers customers with information of its exclusive range of cars, images, diagrams, performance specifications, and also presents the current news to stay in touch with present and perspective customers. International strategies- Acquisitions, Mergers, alliances Audi, the luxury car brand was founded in the year 1932 as a result of merger between DKW, Audi and Horch. This was initiated by the state Bank of Saxony with the focus to form Auto Union AG. During this period, a purchase and leasing agreement was undertaken to take over the Wanderers Automobile Division. The emblem of Audi is consisting of four rings, representing the inseparable unity of the founding companies (Kirk, Ray and Wilson 2013). Audi merged with NSU in the year 1969 and the company was named as Audi NSU. For the following 8 years, Audi manufactured the NSU products and then moved to the production of Audi vehicles solely. The company sought to amplify its name with a shift in their manufacturing. As a result, the name of the company changed to Audi AG, however AUDI maintains its NSU GmbH and Auto Union GmbH as the subsidiaries in order to hold their rich history and tradition (Anisimova 2015).Moreover, Audi prides itself as the progressive line with the Volkswagon group. Moreover, the company is significantly capitalizing on several key aspects such as Audis financial services arm, VW financial services AG, etc. Audi have adopted aggressive strategies to expand internationally over the years. The strategies are enforced with the launch of class-defining car models thereby strengthening its dealer network not only in the metros but also across the Tier I and Tier II cities (Baur et al. 2012). In addition, Audi formed forms a acquisition with Volkswagon Groups automotive division and focused on developing more sporty values. As a result, Volkswagon Group having its root in Europe but operate in more than 153 countries, allows its subsidiary Audi to expand successfully in all of the above countries. VRIO analysis of Audi Firm Infrastructure Audi follows top-down management style and centralized structure HRM The premium car brand considers employees as their key to success. It has unionized workforce and believe on the apprentice concept. They also provide vocational training to develop skills among the workforce Technology development Famous for its RD partnership and engineering excellence. It emphasizes on developing interchangeable, environment friendly products. Procurement resources With focus to gain quality input, Audi forms a strategic alliance with its suppliers to develop long term relationships. Excellent management of supplier network for the timeliness of resources. Audis operational efficiency is augmented by forming exclusive partnership with Google, Apple to offer in-vehicle features to customers. Inbound logistics Germany holds 49% of automobile components and parts, thus Audi saves shipping fees to procure the small car parts (Rugraff 2012). Moreover, Audi gains a market control with few suppliers in process. Operations There is a systematic linking of suppliers to the process of vehicle development. The company has more than 300 flexible work schedules, JIT production and low inventory on hand. Outbound logistics Audi has developed its vehicle manufacturing units in the developed countries like Australia, USA where the demand is consequently high. The physical s stores are located near customers. Service The company offers Motor workshops for customers, well trained customers services and sales staff, long term packages for maintenance of vehicle. Marketing Enforce high brand awareness, lavish and clean dealer showrooms, customized services to meet the demand of customers. SSR model Application Security sector reform is a political situation essentially aimed at the effective, efficient and non-discriminatory provision of the state. Moreover, the strategy focuses on the human security within a framework. Implying the SSR model In Audi, this part of the report considers the safety and security measures of its employees. Audi supported a series of initiatives for its workforce welfare. It offers flexible child care plan for its employees for a better compatibility of family with work life. The company offered expansion of employment guarantee making it effective from s 2014 to 2018( Mikusz, Jud and Schfer 2015). Offers payment of an employee profit share (MEB) and agreed Audi profit share (AEB) for the employees under pay-scale. The company promotes workers employed under temporary contracts as permanent members making them a part of workforce in Neckarsulm and Ingolstadt sites. Strategic options Strategic options refer to the core competencies and activities possessed by an organization. Strategic options come into play when the organization is compared with the competitors, and through companies adds on unique value to its services or products for a long period of time. The strategic options possessed by the luxury car brand Audi, is thus discussed in details below: Innovation Audi has increased its RD technological expenditure by 18.2% to 4952 million on 2012 with the aim to propel its innovation leadership in the industry. Technology and engineering capabilities forms the heart of Audis strategic decisions for profitability and long term sustainability (Martn-Pea, Daz-Garrido and Snchez-Lpez 2014).Considering its technological capabilities, the strategy initiatives of Audi include the following: Reduction in carbon emission, Engine efficiency Lightweight construction In-car entertainment features Online assistance for drivers Audis leadership and capability in the field of technology and thus innovation started since the early years of its collaboration with the Volkswagen group, with the development of four stroke engine that forms its core competencies. By the year 1990, Audi has minimized the emission and fuel consumption of automobiles that was sold by 30% (Drake and Rhodes, 2015). As a whole, Technology and innovation develops the competitive advantage of Audi in terms of premium product quality and high performance, thereby providing luxurious driving experience to its customers. Focus on customers Audi seeks latest avenues of value added techniques with the aim to meet the requirement of customers. Moreover, the company keeps itself updated about the upcoming trends of customers preferences. The process of custom-building of cars facilitate Audi to take slack out of the production process, minimize the inventory costs of dealers and also avoid the heavy rebates on cars that were not sold (Duane and Domegan 2013).As a result customers are more satisfied with services which in turn improves the customers loyalty of Audi. Nonetheless, the strategy of custom-made cars is often encumbered with lots of strategic options resulting into higher profit margins. Supply chain management The global supplier network of Audi consists of more than 11,000 suppliers in more than 65 countries worldwide. The company implements supportive measures for its suppliers and employees in order to ensure consistent improvement and sustainability throughout the entire global network (Endres, Roocks and Kieling 2014). Besides its own processes and measures, in collaboration with its suppliers, Audi introduces new structures and measures to enforce enhanced sustainability in the supply chain. Such an approach brings about the annual supplier innovation award to complement a competition on the products and processes of Audi in order to enhance its resources and cost-efficiency. Conclusion Audi, the premium luxury car brand was founded after BMW and Mercedez Benz, Audi significantly lags its sales in U.S and worldwide (Rugraff 2012).However, the global success and rapid growth coupled with the introduction of new corporate strategy has positioned The Volkswagon group and Audi to remain as the strongest competitor in the industry of luxury vehicle industry. The company is exploiting its strategic options and core competitions to rule over the automobile industry. On overall evaluation of the above report, the influence of various forces discussed above forecast a significant challenging situation for Audi. It has been observed that the significant forces increase the intensity of competition between the competitors and uprising potential threat of the industry substitutes. Such attributes constantly threatens the market share and position of Audi. In contrary to this, the strong brand identity, technological and engineering excellence and RD experience are considered to be the key factors that would help Audi to remain competitive in the future. Nonetheless, it is evident on analyzing strategic options; Audi gained sustainability in the supply chain by introducing in structures and key measures in the process. References Anisimova, T., 2015. Brand communication using symbolic brand values: implications for consumer satisfaction and loyalty. InAM2015-The Magic In Marketing-The Academy of Marketing Conference, University of Limerick, Ireland 7-9 July 2015. Baur, F., Koch, G., Prgl, R. and Malorny, C., 2012. Identifying future strategic options for the automotive industry. InZuknftige Entwicklungen in der Mobilitt(pp. 273-286). Gabler Verlag. Conradie, M. and van Niekerk, A., 2015. The use of linguistic tokenism to secure brand loyalty: Code-switching practices in South African print advertising.Language Matters,46(1), pp.117-138. Drake, M.J. and Rhodes, D., 2015. Socially Responsible Supply Chain Management for a Competitive Advantage. InNew Perspectives on Corporate Social Responsibility(pp. 321-340). Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden. Duane, S. and Domegan, C., 2013. Get Your Life in Gear.Social Marketing: From Tunes to Symphonies, p.369. Endres, M., Roocks, P. and Kieling, W., 2014, July. Algebraic optimization of grouped preference queries. InProceedings of the 18th International Database Engineering Applications Symposium(pp. 247-256). ACM. Jahn, B. and Kunz, W., 2012. How to transform consumers into fans of your brand.Journal of Service Management,23(3), pp.344-361. Kagali, L., 2014. EMOTION DESIGN OF AN ICONIC (VOLKSWAGEN) CAMPERVAN. Khatri, T., Duhan, M., Kumar, S. and Haleem, A., 2015. Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI): Benefits, Challenges and Essentials in Implementation.Data Mining and Knowledge Engineering,7(7), pp.248-252. Kirk, C.P., Ray, I. and Wilson, B., 2013. The impact of brand value on firm valuation: The moderating influence of firm type.Journal of Brand Management,20(6), pp.488-500. LI, X. and LIU, J., 2014. Influence of brand community identity on brand loyalty: Audi clubs as an example.Journal of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (Social Science),1, p.013. Martn-Pea, M.L., Daz-Garrido, E. and Snchez-Lpez, J.M., 2014. Analysis of benefits and difficulties associated with firms' environmental management systems: the case of the Spanish automotive industry.Journal of Cleaner Production,70, pp.220-230. Mikusz, M., Jud, C. and Schfer, T., 2015. Business Model Patterns for the Connected Car and the Example of Data Orchestrator. InSoftware Business(pp. 167-173). Springer International Publishing. Miravete, E.J., Moral, M.J. and Thurk, J., 2015.Innovation, Emissions Policy, and Competitive Advantage in the Diffusion of European Diesel Automobiles(No. 10783). CEPR Discussion Papers. Rugraff, E., 2012. The new competitive advantage of automobile manufacturers.Journal of Strategy and Management,5(4), pp.407-419. Shukri, S.E., Yaghi, R.I., Aljarah, I. and Alsawalqah, H., 2015, November. Twitter sentiment analysis: A case study in the automotive industry. InApplied Electrical Engineering and Computing Technologies (AEECT), 2015 IEEE Jordan Conference on(pp. 1-5). IEEE. Turpault, M., Tannen, R. and Welsh, B., 2013. Building stronger brands with sensory driven product design.Journal of Brand Strategy,2(1), pp.6-15. Van der Lippe, M., 2014. Exploratory research about entry mode affecting factors for Dutch companies entering China. Whitted, B.E., 2012. Staging Exchange: Why The Knight of the Burning Pestle Flopped at Blackfriars in 1607.Early Theatre,15(2), pp.111-130. Wittmann, R. and Reuter, M., 2013.Strategic planning: How to deliver maximum value through effective business strategy. Kogan Page Publishers.

Unit 5 Soil Study Guide Flashcard

Unit 5 Soil Study Guide

Element Symbols in Element Names

Element Symbols in Element Names Heres a list of the element names that can be broken down into element symbols. For example, the letters in the element neon are the symbols for Ne, O, N (neon, oxygen, and nitrogen). None of the element names ending in -ium work, so that eliminates many of the element names. ActiniumAluminumAmericiumAntimonyArgonArsenic - Ar Se Ni C, Ar Se N I CAstatine - As Ta Ti NeBariumBerkeliumBerylliumBismuthBohriumBoronBromineCadmiumCalciumCaliforniumCarbon - C Ar B O N, Ca Rb O NCeriumCesiumChlorineChromiumCobaltCoperniciumCopper - Co P P Er, C O P P ErCuriumDarmstadtiumDubniumDysprosiumEinsteiniumErbiumEuropiumFermiumFluorineFranciumGadoliniumGalliumGermaniumGoldHafniumHassiumHeliumHolmiumHydrogenIndiumIodineIridiumIron - Ir O NKrypton - Kr Y Pt O NLanthanumLawrenciumLeadLithiumLutetiumMagnesiumManganeseMeitneriumMendeleviumMercuryMolybdenumNeodymiumNeon - Ne O NNeptuniumNickelNiobiumNitrogenNobeliumOsmiumOxygenPalladiumPhosphorus - P H O S P H O Ru SPlatinumPlutoniumPoloniumPotassiumPraseodymiumPromethiumProtactiniumRadiumRadonRheniumRhodiumRubidiumRutheniumRutherfordiumSamariumScandiumSeaborgiumSeleniumSilicon - Si Li C O N, Si Li Co NSilverSodiumStrontiumSulfurTantalumTechnetiumTelluriumTerbiumThalliumThoriumThuliumTin - Ti NTitaniumTungstenUnunbiumUnunniliumU nunumiumUraniumVanadiumXenon - Xe N O N, Xe No NYtterbiumYttriumZincZirconium

Capital One Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Capital One - Essay Example The external environment can be analyzed by using various tools like that of PEST analysis. The PEST analysis stands for Political factors, Economical factors, Social factors and Technological factors. The analysis of Capital One can be undermined as below: Political factors – The markets in which the company was operational did not have much political disturbances and therefore it could be said that the company experienced conducive political factors for its new strategy on acquisition. Economic factors – This was undoubtedly the most vital aspect for a company operating in the domain of financial services and products. The economic slowdown and the global meltdown really hampered the growth of the company. The financial performance of the company worsened on year – to – year basis even after following the strategy at an aggressive way. The faith of the general public upon the financial system was disturbed as one after the other too – big – to – fail companies became bankrupt. Social – Capital One had considerable social acceptance and that proved beneficial for the company to continue the business even in the trying times of financial slowdown. The company had taken number of efforts and initiatives that contributed towards the community development and corporate social responsibility and those have paved ways for the sustainable growth of the company. Technological factors – The company has been observed to be technologically sound and it was found that that Capital One offered best of the attributes based on the technological developments. It could be said that the research and development in the technological segment paid well as the environment is continuously changing. In spite of having an aggressive policy based upon acquisition, it could be said that Capital One Financial Corporation did not had a great year. Though the reasons were primarily external, like that of the global meltdown and economic slowdown, yet